Lierary Response House on Mango Street

The House on Mango Street composed by Sandra Concerns, the vignette named, â€Å"There was an Old Woman She Had So Many Children She Didn't Know What to Do†, may appear to be unimportant from the start when Concerns starts to portray a lady with a ton of grieved youngsters, a typical situation In neighborhoods, for example, Mango Street.Then as we dig further Into the entry, we start to understand that the mother, Rosa Barras, Is careless, which may not be her shortcoming; she Is bothered with the measure of kids she has and tormented with the ruder of trouble that her significant other left her with these kids, alone and with no cash to help her. These youngsters are starving for consideration and by for all intents and purposes railing themselves. From the start, individuals from the network endeavor to help with their childhood however in the long run, in light of the absence of results, the individuals become worn out on attempting and stop caring.They couldn't care less w hen the kids hurt themselves, in any event, when Angel Barras tumbles from an incredible tallness and bites the dust, â€Å"†¦ And no one turned upward not once the day Angel Barras figured out how to fly and dropped from the sky like a sugar doughnuts, blast like a falling star, and detonated sensible without even an Oh†. Concerns is by all accounts playing off the old African saying, â€Å"It takes a town to bring up a child†. This vignette is incorporated to hold up under the inquiry, who is to be faulted for Angel's death?Himself, since he acted carelessly; his missing dad, whose takeoff no uncertainty added to his absence of regard â€Å"for everything living, including [himself]†; his mom, who was not watching him yet who simultaneously couldn't do so successfully; or his neighbors, for not thinking about or about his activities? Concerns decides to incorporate Rosa Barras in this vignette. Rosa additionally speaks to the difficulties looked by single mothers.She has a bigger number of kids than she can check and is tormented with despair after her significant other leaves her without a penny to assist take with minding of every last bit of her kids or even an explanation clarifying why he left. She is bothered with these youngsters and it is such a large number of for all her eye on. Before the finish of the vignette we can gather she has lost her child and now in addition to the fact that she has to manage the nonattendance of her better half however now the loss of her child.

Comparing the Comedy Central TV Channel to ComedyCentral.com Essays

From Television to the Internet: Comparing the Television Channel and ComedyCentral.com It is frequently expressed by twenty-something age X-er's, that their age was raised by the TV; that Mr. Rogers was their father, the posse from Sesame Street was their kin, and Mrs. Brady was their mother. This is an extremely diverse family looking at this logically: pretend for a father, Muppets for siblings and sisters, and a dazzling woman for a mother. These lock key children that grew up become a close acquaintence with by the TV, speak to an age, that as a general rule, is passing. The up and coming age of youngsters that has moved to the square, depends not on the TV and the early evening time programming of yesterday, yet rather, have discovered comfort in another, all the more energizing development: PCs, and the Internet. From homerooms and libraries, to rooms and family rooms, kids are discovering access to the Internet and generally, are receiving its rewards. The Internet is, generally, the one ideal hotspot for media data, sports reports, schoolwork help, correspondence through email, diversion reports, well known individuals meetings and pictures, publicizing, and the rundown is essentially limitless. The Internet is the one apparatus that could supplant the ubiquity of the TV. Unexpectedly, one can get TV on the Internet! Truly, it is conceivable to download portions of mainstream network shows and meetings. Well known link channels, for example, CNN, ESPN, HBO, MTV, and Comedy Central have their own special sites where you can proceed to take a gander at program postings, games, interviews, pictures to download, and even scene outlines. A standout amongst other TV station web refers to is the Comedy Central web refer to. Lo... ...offee mug or an Absolutely Fabulous tee shirt. Indeed, there is where product can be requested. Each site made fills some need. Regardless of whether it be to advise, teach, engage, every individual refer to is uncommon in its own component. The Comedy Central site is one of the most well known refers to of all the broadcasting company created refers to. Beside the chance of not continually having the option to get it to come up (in some cases you simply get it to stack), the parody, shading, and enthusiasm add to its working reason: to advise and engage, however most importantly, to give watchers a brief look into the Comedy Central world. The pages, pictures, and generally speaking tone furnishes its watchers with an encounter to sitting before the TV. By visiting this site, watchers can encounter direct and hands on, the humorousness, fun, and inventiveness of truly outstanding.

I dont like SPAM!

I don’t like SPAM! I know you’re already thinking to yourself, “Where is Dave going to go with the SPAM joke?” Will he follow through on the Monty Python subject line? Will he show a can of the eponymous meat-like substance (now with Bacon!*)? Perhaps a photo of SPAM carved to resemble some bit of tech like a computer or iPod? Or will I unexpectedly shift gears into a joke about Scrapple? What devious pun lies in wait? The suspense is too much to bear. You can relax, because today I’m taking the high road. That’s in no small part because I really dislike computer SPAM. We’ve been getting more than usual on the blogs lately, and it’s a trend that concerns me. So we’re going to try something called ReCaptcha on the blogs for a few days. For those unfamiliar with anti-SPAM technology, ReCaptcha is the box of wavy text at the bottom of the page, just above the “submit” button. The theory is that only humans (and occasionally Cylons) can decipher the distorted text back into words. SPAMbots, even the polite ones, get stuck at the door. If ReCaptcha eliminates the SPAM and doesn’t wreak havoc with legitimate comments we’ll keep it around. If you have trouble with ReCaptcha, please let me know (obviously you might not be able to comment, but you can always email me). * True story

Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 Landmark Legal Case

The Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden established important precedents about interstate commerce when it was decided in 1824. The case arose from a dispute concerning early steamboats chugging about in the waters of New York, but principles established in the case resonate to the present day. The decision in Gibbons v. Ogden created an enduring legacy as it established the  general principle that interstate commerce as mentioned in the Constitution included  more than just the buying and selling of goods. By considering the operation of steamboats to be interstate commerce, and thus activity coming under the authority of the federal government, the Supreme Court established a precedent which would impact many later cases. The immediate effect of the case was that it struck down a New York law granting a monopoly to a steamboat owner. By eliminating the monopoly, the operation of steamboats became a highly competitive business beginning in the 1820s. In that  atmosphere of competition, great fortunes could be made. And the greatest American fortune of the mid-1800s, the enormous wealth of Cornelius Vanderbilt, could be traced to the decision that eliminated the steamboat monopoly in New York. The landmark court case involved young Cornelius Vanderbilt. And Gibbons v. Ogden also  provided a platform and cause for Daniel Webster, a lawyer and politician whose oratorical skills would come to influence American politics for decades. However, the two men for whom the case was named, Thomas Gibbons and Aaron Ogden, were fascinating characters in their own right. Their personal histories, which included them being neighbors, business associates, and eventually bitter enemies, provided a raucous background to the lofty legal proceedings. The concerns of steamboat operators in the early decades of the 19th century seem quaint and very distant from modern life. Yet the decision rendered by the Supreme Court in 1824 influences life in America to  the present day. The Steamboat Monopoly The great value of steam power became apparent in the late 1700s, and Americans in the 1780s were working, mostly unsuccessfully, to build practical steamboats. Robert Fulton, an American living in England, had been an artist who became involved in designing canals. During a trip to France, Fulton was exposed to advances in steamboats. And, with the financial backing of the wealthy American ambassador to France, Robert Livingston, Fulton began working to build a practical steamboat in 1803. Livingston, who had been one of the nations founding fathers, was very wealthy and possessed extensive  landholdings. But he also possessed another asset with the potential to be enormously valuable: He had secured, through his political connections, the right to have a monopoly on steamboats in the waters of New York State. Anyone who wanted to operate a steamboat had to partner with Livingston, or purchase a license from him. After Fulton and Livingston returned to America, Fulton launched his first practical steamboat, The Clermont, in August 1807, four years after he met up with Livingston. The two men soon had a thriving business. And under New York law, no one could launch steamboats in New York waters to compete with them. Competitors Steam Ahead Aaron Ogden, a lawyer  and veteran of the Continental Army, was elected governor of New Jersey in 1812 and sought to challenge the steamboat monopoly by buying and operating a steam-powered ferry. His attempt failed. Robert Livingston had died, but his  heirs, along with Robert Fulton, successfully defended their monopoly in the courts. Ogden, defeated but still believing he could turn a profit, obtained a license from the Livingston family and operated a steam ferry between New York and New Jersey. Ogden had become friends with Thomas Gibbons, a wealthy lawyer and cotton dealer  from Georgia who had moved to New Jersey. At some point the two men had a dispute and things turned inexplicably bitter. Gibbons, who had participated in duels back in Georgia, challenged Ogden to a duel in 1816. The two men never met to exchange gunfire. But, being two very angry lawyers, they began a series of antagonistic legal maneuvers against each other’s business interests. Seeing great potential, both to make money and harm Ogden, Gibbons decided that he would go into the steamboat business and challenge the monopoly. He also hoped to put his adversary Ogden out of business. Ogden’s ferry, the Atalanta, was matched by a new steamboat, the Bellona, which Gibbons put into the water in 1818. To pilot the boat, Gibbons had hired a  boatman in his mid-twenties named Cornelius Vanderbilt. Growing up in a Dutch community on Staten Island, Vanderbilt had started his career as a teenager running a small boat called a periauger between Staten Island and Manhattan. Vanderbilt quickly became known about the harbor as someone who worked relentlessly. He possessed keen sailing skill, with an impressive knowledge of every current in the notoriously tricky waters of New York Harbor. And Vanderbilt was fearless when sailing in rough conditions. Thomas Gibbons put Vanderbilt to work as the captain of his new ferry in 1818. For Vanderbilt, used to being his own boss, it was an unusual situation. But working for Gibbons meant he could learn a lot about steamboats. And he also must have realized he could learn a lot about business from watching how Gibbons waged his endless battles against Ogden. In 1819 Ogden went to court to shut down the ferry run by Gibbons. When threatened by process servers, Cornelius Vanderbilt continued sailing the ferry back and forth. At points he was even arrested. With his own growing connections in New York politics, he was generally able to get the charges thrown out, though he did rack up a number of fines. During a year of legal skirmishing the case between Gibbons and Ogden  moved through the New York State courts. In 1820 the New York courts upheld the steamboat monopoly. Gibbons was ordered to cease operating his ferry. The Federal Case Gibbons, of course, was not about to quit. He chose to appeal his case to the federal courts. He had obtained what was known as a â€Å"coasting† license from the federal government. That allowed him to operate his boat along the coasts of the United States, in accordance with a law from the early 1790s. The position of Gibbons in his federal case would be that federal law should supersede state law. And, that the commerce clause under Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution  should be interpreted to mean that carrying passengers on a ferry was interstate commerce. Gibbons sought out an impressive attorney to plead his case: Daniel Webster, the New England politician who was gaining national fame as a great orator. Webster seemed the perfect choice, as he was interested in advancing the cause of business in the growing country. Cornelius Vanderbilt, who had been hired by Gibbons because of his tough reputation  as a sailor, volunteered to travel to Washington to meet with Webster and another prominent lawyer and politician, William Wirt. Vanderbilt was largely uneducated, and throughout his life he would often be considered a fairly coarse character. So he seemed an unlikely character to be dealing with Daniel Webster. Vanderbilt’s desire to be involved in the case indicates that he recognized its great importance to his own future. He must have realized that dealing with the legal issues would teach him a lot. After meeting with Webster and Wirt, Vanderbilt remained in Washington while the case first went to the U.S. Supreme Court. To the disappointment of Gibbons and Vanderbilt, the nation’s highest court refused to hear it on a technicality, as the courts in New York State had not yet entered a final judgment. Returning to New York City, Vanderbilt went back to operating the ferry, in violation of the monopoly, while still  trying to avoid the authorities and at times skirmishing with them in local courts. Eventually the case was put on the Supreme Court’s docket, and arguments were scheduled. At the Supreme Court In early Februrary 1824 the case of Gibbons v. Ogden was argued in the Supreme Court chambers, which were, at that time, located in the U.S. Capitol. The case was briefly mentioned in the New York Evening Post on February 13, 1824. There was actually considerable public interest in the case due to changing attitudes in America. In the early 1820s the nation was approaching its 50th anniversary, and a general theme was that business was growing. In New York, the Erie Canal, which would transform the country in major ways, was under construction. In other places canals were operating, mills were producing fabric, and early factories were producing any number of products. To show off all the industrial progress America had made in its five decades of freedom, the federal government even invited an old friend, the Marquis de Lafayette to visit the country and tour all 24 states. In that atmosphere of progress and growth, the idea that one state could write a law that might arbitrarily restrict business was seen as a problem which needed to be solved. So while the legal battle between Gibbons and Ogden may have been conceived in a bitter rivalry between two cantankerous lawyers, it was obvious at the time that the case would have implications across American society. And the public seemed to want free trade, meaning restrictions shouldnt be placed by individual states. Daniel Webster argued that portion of the case with his usual eloquence. He delivered a speech which was later considered important enough to be included in anthologies of his writings. At one point Webster stressed that it was well-known why the U.S. Constitution had to be written after the young country encountered many problems under The Articles of Confederation: â€Å"Few things are better known than the immediate causes which led to the adoption of the present Constitution; and there is nothing, as I think, clearer, than that the prevailing motive was to regulate commerce; to rescue it from the embarrassing and destructive consequences resulting from the legislation of so many different States, and to place it under the protection of a uniform law.† In his impassioned argument, Webster stated that creators of the Constitution, when speaking of commerce, fully intended it to mean the entire country as a unit: â€Å"What is it that is to be regulated? Not the commerce of the several States, respectively, but the commerce of the United States. Henceforth, the commerce of the States was to be a unit, and the system by which it was to exist and be governed must necessarily be complete, entire, and uniform. Its character was to be described in the flag which waved over it, E Pluribus Unum.† Following Websters star performance, William Wirt also spoke for Gibbons, making arguments about monopolies and commercial law. The lawyers for Ogden then spoke to argue in favor of the monopoly. To many members of the public, the monopoly had seemed unfair and outdated, a throwback to some earlier era. In the 1820s, with business growing in the young country, Webster seemed to have captured the American mood with an oration that evoked the progress that was possible when all the states operated under a system of uniform laws. The LandmarkDecision After a few weeks of suspense, the Supreme Court announced its decision on March 2, 1824. The court voted 6-0, and the decision was written by Chief Justice John Marshall.  The carefully reasoned decision, in which Marshall generally agreed with Daniel Websters position, was published widely, including on the front page of the New York Evening Post on March 8, 1824. The Supreme Court struck down the steamboat monopoly law. And it declared that it was unconstitutional for states to enact laws that restricted interstate commerce. That decision in 1824 about steamboats has had an impact ever since. As new technologies came along in transportation and even communication, efficient operation across state lines  has been possible thanks to Gibbons v. Ogden.   An immediate effect was that Gibbons and Vanderbilt were now free to operate their steam ferry. And Vanderbilt naturally saw great opportunity and began building his own steamboats. Others also got into the steamboat trade in the waters around New York, and within years there was bitter competition between boats carrying freight and passengers. Thomas Gibbons did not get to enjoy his victory for long, as he died two years later. But he had taught Cornelius Vanderbilt a lot about how to conduct business in a freewheeling and ruthless manner. Decades later, Vanderbilt would tangle with Wall Street operators Jay Gould and Jim Fisk in the battle for the Erie Railroad, and his early experience watching Gibbons in his epic struggle  with Ogden and others must have served him well. Daniel Webster went on to become one of the most prominent politicians in America, and along with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, the three men known as the  Great Triumvirate would dominate the U.S. Senate.

The Articles Of The Constitution - 857 Words

Between the years 1776 and 1783, Americans argued about the division of power between state and federal governments, most supporting the idea of a republic government. The Articles of Confederation was America’s first constitution that created a central, republican government with limited powers, assisting Americans through war and peace (Berkin 160-61). In the summer of 1787, President George Washington met with eleven of the thirteen states in a Constitutional convention in Philadelphia. Only nine states of the thirteen had to approve in order to pass the Constitution, and in September of 1787, Congress ratified the Constitution. Unfortunately, controversy over the Constitution occurred: Federalists supported a strong central government while Antifederalists believed that this type of government damaged Americans’ rights (171). While the approval of the Constitution was intended to permit more American citizens to partake in significant political decisions, its ratifi cation sparked great philosophical debate over the best form of government. In â€Å"Centinel No.1,† an anonymous Antifederalist – supposedly Samuel Adams – under the alias Centinel criticized the U.S. Constitution, arguing that a republican government was not balanced because the wealthy had much more privileges and power than commoners. For instance, Alexander Hamilton indicated that the people who â€Å"put their skills to the task of achieving ratification†¦[were] men of wealth, political experience, and frequentlyShow MoreRelatedThe Articles Of The Constitution897 Words   |  4 Pagesin 1787 the creators of Constitution decided to prohibit states from keeping their own troops without the consent of Congress. This was an addition to the coercive power, making a Congressional power over the state government. The national government would be able to grow solidly as long as the republic still survived. The Articles of Confederation were designed to make any amendments impossible. With the rule of unanimous consent agreement, there was no chance the Articles could be changed. NotRead MoreThe Article On The Constitution1111 Words   |  5 Pages CONSTITUTION PAPER By: Shian Connor The Constitution is one of the most important documents in the history of America. The Constitution is â€Å"a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.† The Constitution was formed and written between May 25 and September 17 of the year 1787. However, it was officially signed on September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia. Not only did the Constitution establish a nationalRead MoreThe Articles Of The Constitution1522 Words   |  7 Pagesrevere, the Constitution, was once abhorred and feared as a much stronger government than such a democracy should allow. The government, at the time, was inept and subject to the rule of each near-independent state, not able to tax without begging, nor able to regulate the quickening and worsening conflicts in trade and monetary production between those states. Taking into account these ineptitudes, compounded by the foreign intrusions which peppere d the eighteenth century, the Articles of ConfederationRead MoreThe Articles Of The Constitution2513 Words   |  11 Pagesthe thirteen colonies failed with writing the Articles of Confederation well-known Americans came together and wanted to write what would be known as the greatest document in American history. The Articles of Confederation failed because it gave the states too much power and limited the federal government. The Constitution is known as the supreme law of the land. The Constitution has three articles and twenty-seven amendments. The three articles are divided by the Legislative Branch, the ExecutiveRead MoreThe Articles Of The Constitution1944 Words   |  8 PagesThe first form of government the United States of America had was known as the Articles of Confederation. These articles were beneficial to some, but others believed they weren t. In place of the articles then took the Constitution, which worked to cure the problem of controversy over the governmen t. When the Constitution was written in 1787, it too had some disagreements that needed to be sought out. By 1791, a solution was proposed and added to the document that still remains today. This additionRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution921 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution and Articles Analysis The Articles of Confederation and The Constitution were both written I believe to ensue peace in a new nation where great freedoms had just been betrothed upon. Both written within ten years of each other, the main point it was trying to get across was the idea of one nation. They were written by the same people who all in all had similar ideas. There are many differences as well. From the main one being sovereign states, to how many states must approve an amendmentRead MoreThe Articles of Confederation and The Constitution1238 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment has been defined by two very important documents. Reflecting on all governments of the past, they laid forth an impressive jumble of ideas that would lead the way to where we are today. These two documents are the Article of Confederation and the U.S Constitution. These two documents of precedent are both similar and unique, each with its own pros and cons, and neither being perfect. Both these documents addressed the prominent vital in national vs. state sovereignty, legislative selectionRead MoreArticle Review On The Constitution1067 Words   |  5 PagesFurthermore, the constitution has a total of seven articles. Article I, creates the legislative branch, this article gives congress its powers and limits. Congress is the legislative branch of the government which means that they are responsible for making laws for the country. Article II, creates the executive branch, whom enforce the law created by congress. Article III, creates the judicial branch, this branch is the system of courts that look at the law and applies it to different cases. ThisRead MoreThe Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation1373 Words   |  6 Pageswould enforce them? I will address some of the differences between the Constitution and The Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were designed and formed from the thirteen states that created a Confederation known as the â€Å"league of friendship†; their goal was to find solutions for problems; and one of the first attempts to create a system. The Articles of Confederation was our nation’s first constitution; during the last years of the Revolutionary war, the government had beenRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1130 Words   |  5 Pages After America won its independence from Great Britain in 1783, the Articles of Confederation were created to serve as the basis of American democracy. Years subsequent to the creation of the Articles of Confederation, delegates from all states, with the exception of Rhode Island, assembled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to mend the weaknesses the Articles displayed throughout its practice. This meeting on September 17, 1787, resulted in the newly drafted terms for which the United States democracy

Support the Rights and Safety of Children and Young People Free Essays

1. Paula may feel she is stupid, worthless and alone. Paula may feel like running away to escape what she is going through because she believes no one understands what she is going through or that no one will believe her story. We will write a custom essay sample on Support the Rights and Safety of Children and Young People or any similar topic only for you Order Now Paula may feel sometimes killing herself is another way out. She is probably scared what her father would do to her if she told someone or what everyone else would think of her. Paula more than likely believes it her fault, no one will believe her, no one will understand, she feel all alone and she just wants to feel like a normal teenager. 2. – Self- destructive behaviour e.g. drug dependency, suicide attempts and self- mutilation. Anorexia or over- eating Sexual knowledge or behaviour inappropriate for the child’s age Bruising or bleeding in genital area Bruising to the breasts, bottom, lower abdomen or thighs Adolescent pregnancy Persistent running away from home  ¾. – use a calm, reassuring voice Give support to the child by demonstrating that you believe their story Provide comfort, verbally and agreed appropriate physical contact Do not express negative suggestions such as judgement, doubt or shock Be honest Be professional as possible Let them talk at their own pace, no interruptions, silence Make notes that are relevant to the situation Tell the child it’s not their fault and they did the right thing by tell someone Tell them it is never okay for adults to harm children Let them know what happens now Inform people who can help assist the child Tell them it’s okay to be concerned about what will happen 5. Paula may become pregnant, she may run away from home, she may harm herself or attempt to commit suicide, Paula may turn to alcohol and or drugs, Abuse may to her to hurting her father or other people and she may also turn to abuse later in life and do it to someone else. 6. a) – find a private place to talk – Tell Anna it’s okay and none of this is her fault – let Anna talk at her own pace, do not interrupt or be judgemental – Ask questions to clarify information – use a calm, reassuring voice and talk at the child’s development level – tell Anna you believe her story – keep emotions under control – offer support – take note during if its okay with the Anna if not after the disclosure ïÆ' ¼ B) – Don’t ask questions that may make Anna feel guilty or inadequate – try and find proof of Anna’s story – don’t say you won’t tell anyone or that everything will be okay now – don’t express doubt, judgement or shock – don’t draw conclusions, engage others in discussion or accuse parents – don’t tell people that don’t need to know Anna’s disclosure only people that can help Anna. – don’t talk about your personal feelings about Anna’s story in front of her ïÆ' ¼ 7. – Anna need’s immediate help, talk to someone that can help her – She needs support – Anna needs someone she can trust and talk too 8. In this case study there are 3 forms of abuse. Sexual abuse, physical abuse and emotional abuse. 9. The children’s rights in this case study are that by law we have to provide Anna and Paula with the freedom and opportunities to express their views and that by law must consider their views in a meaningful way. Anna and Paula have the right to participate in decision making about their  future. This means that Anna and Paula must be given where possible the opportunity to express their views freely and those views are taken into consideration when decisions about their future are being made. There for organisations that work with children and young people need to listen to what children and young people say and taking their views into account in design, development and delivery of services and policies. 10. I would talk to the supervisor again but express my views and concerns strongly. I would talk to her about ethics and that you cannot ignore indicators of risk of harm as well as by law you have to obey the child’s rights and consider their views or stories seriously and in a meaningful way. I would hold off on the report but closely monitoring Anna and privately say to her that she can talk to me about anything anytime. I would look for indicators of risk of harm and if I did see signs I would then talk to Anna about it and if need be from there take things to the supervisor again and then formally make a report. 11. Monitor Anna closely look for and signs she is being harmed, I would continue talking to Anna and building trust between each other and when I believe I’ve seen or heard enough I would discuss the situation strongly to my supervisor then make a decision from there. 12. Go over the evidence you have and the recordings you made, multiple times until you’re highly satisfied that you have a strong case to take to your supervisor. You always have to take every allegation seriously and examine it thoroughly before taking it further. How to cite Support the Rights and Safety of Children and Young People, Papers

Continuities and Changes of Religions in Sub-Saharan Africa free essay sample

â€Å"Listen more often the Things Beings, Voice of Fire means, Hear the Voice of Water. Listen to the Wind Le Buisson into tears: It is the breath of the ancestors. † This excerpt comes from Senegalese Birago Diop’s poem â€Å"Souffles† which shows ancestor worship in Sub-Saharan Africa. Throughout history, Sub-Saharan Africa experienced multi-religious changes throughout 500 BCE 1750 AD, beginning with animism, polytheism, and anthropomorphic worship of a god; however they were affected by globalization in which other religions, such as Christianity and Islam, vastly changed their beliefs and practices. As far back as historians date in 500 BCE, Sub-Saharan Africa had polytheistic religions such as animism, voodoo, and ancestry worship. During this Paleolithic Era, humans were hunter-gatherers and lived in tribes, traveling from place to place. The tribes believed in a supreme being as the highest power and had a polytheistic mindset. One of the religions they believed was animism, which British anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Taylor believed was the most primitive and essential form of religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuities and Changes of Religions in Sub-Saharan Africa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It suggests that non-human entities are spiritual beings. Another example of their polytheistic views is worshipping forces of nature, as if it were a god. Polytheism continued across tribal Africa until 500 AD when monotheism, such as Christianity and Islam, traveled south from Eurasia into Africa due to trade and globalization. By 500 AD, exchanges and trade between Eurasia and Africa began, in which the merchants and trade networks spread their two dominant religions, Islam and Christianity, extensively. Muhammad started the Islamic faith when he proclaimed he was the prophet of Allah after having a spiritual realization. Since Muhammad was once a merchant, Muslims thought highly of the merchant class and held many way stations for them. As Islam grew into an empire, it highly affected Africa by creating urban centers that appealed to the scholars, which started to urbanize the tribal areas of Africa. The cities and elite were extremely interested, and they had begun to develop financial benefits from the trades. Christianity also had an interesting interaction with Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia was 80% Christian and had a fascination with Judaism in the second wave civilization. They had the most Christian land of Africa due to the isolated location on the eastern tip of Africa. During this time, hunter-gathering tribes still existed, and many of them still believed in animism and polytheism. Although, when Europeans had found the Americas, they took over and used the Natives as slaves before they died out due to diseases. Due to this immense depletion of people, the European’s obtained more slaves from the southwest coast of Africa, in which spreading the Christian religion amongst the Americas and Africa. By the 1450’s, globalization had made its biggest jump in history by connecting four continents together. Throughout 1450 to 1750 AD, Christianity and Islam took a large new role on Sub-Saharan Africa. By this time, Africa was mainly monotheistic instead of polytheistic like it was 1,000 years ago, however, polytheism continued in the uncivilized, hunter-gathering tribes. Islam affected the east coast of Africa while Christianity affected the west. Also the trade between Africa and Europe aided the spike in Christianity that you see today. The choices people made, and the locations where religions began, directly affected the parts of Sub-Saharan Africa’s religions. It started with the polytheistic views of hunter-gathers from 500 BC to 500 AD, which then flipped in 500 AD – 1750 AD to monotheistic views of Christianity and Islam. Today, there are many Christian churches and schools in Africa, and many people take mission trips to continue spreading it. Muslims are also still seen on the more eastern and northern sides of Africa, which proves history. Without these movements of trade, religion would not be the way it is today.