Operations and Logistics Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operations and Logistics Management - Case Study Example It seeks to achieve these objectives by facilitating a culture where teams of employees are sufficiently motivated to work together to revisit working practices in an effort to monitor their performance and make changes for the better. Operations management is an area of business where one is concerned with the production of his/her goods and the services s/he provides. Operations management focuses on carefully managing the processes to produce and distribute products and services. Usually, small businesses don't talk about "operations management", but they carry out the activities that management schools typically associate with the phrase "operations management." Major, overall activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. (These activities are also associated with Product and Service Management. However product management is usually in regard to one or more closely related product - that is, a product line. Operations management is in regard to all operations within the organization.). Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The best option for Organization A is the Material Requirements Planning (MRP). The MRP is a software-based production planning and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. An MRP system is intended to simultaneously meet 3 objectives: ensure materials and products are available for production and delivery to customers. maintain the lowest possible level of inventory. plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities. All manufacturing organizations, whatever their products face the same daily practical problem - that customers want products to be available in a shorter time than it takes to make them. Companies need to control the types and quantities of materials they purchase, plan which products are to be produced and in what quantities and ensure that they are able to meet current and future customer demand, all at the lowest possible cost. If a company purchases insufficient quantities of an item used in manufacturing, or the wrong item, they may be unable to meet contracts to supply products by the agreed date. If a company purchases excessive quantities of an item, money is being wasted - the excess quantity ties up cash while it remains as stock and may never even be used at all. This is a particularly severe problem for food manufacturers and companies with very short product life cycles. However, some purchased items will have a minimum quantity that must be met, therefore, purchasing e xcess is necessary. (http://www.me.utexas.edu) MRP is used by many organizations as a tool to deal with these problems. This applies to items that are bought in and to sub-assemblies that go into more complex items. There are two kinds of output. Output 1 is the "Recommended Production Schedule" which lays out a detailed schedule of the required minimum start and completion dates, with quantities, for each step of the Routing and Bill Of Material required to satisfy the demand from the MPS. Output 2 is the

Why was decolonisation so rapid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Why was decolonisation so rapid - Essay Example The political situation after World Wars I and II in Europe was one of the most influential factors in decolonization process. The new influential parties started to develop in colonies with the objective to resist the royal rule. South Asia, for example, has much advanced in political power: Gandhi has played an important role in raising the question of national sovereignty. Communistic parties of North Africa were also demanding the end of colonial power. France and Britain remained the key political players in Europe, however, they failed to restructure their colonial administration and the process of decolonization became unavoidable. Few years after the war, both French and British empires were struggling to preserve their colonial ruling. The British Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations, while France was classified as the French Union or the Community since 19451. French politicians still believed in the unity of colonies, while the British colonies moved towards the autonomy. The political change was required – the first step in this direction was political participation of local population instead of European administration in politics. Colonial agencies became elective governmental bodies. In 1950s these formations acquired the national status and the national leaders of colonies did not see the need to be part of the colonial government. France and Britain were unable to control the political life of their colonies any more and one after the other, the colonies became independent. African and Caribbean colonies received sovereignty peacefully. There were tensions only with two colonies: Indochina and Algeria. France was much determined to preserve political power over these two colonies. Between 1947 and 1954, the French were fighting against the local armies with the effort to prevent the collapse of empire2. The situation in Vietnam (1954) was not better as well – the French military forces were demolished

Business Plan For London Friend Chicken Marketing Essay

Business Plan For London Friend Chicken Marketing Essay Business plan is a document which is of very much importance. It is a plan which sets up the outline for doing a business and ascertaining its direction for growth and making profit in the future. In this report, a business plan is developed for the purposes of a new business which is to be started. The business plan is at the helm of every business where the planning, formulation of strategy, designing of the process and the setup of the business in performed. This document is of a prime nature and of valuable importance for the company which is planning to do the business from the start. This plan will set the objectives of doing the businesses and the overall strategy to follow so that the business will succeed. The strategy and projections for the business are set in this plan so that it is known well before in advance that in which direction the company / business will going to move. Here in this report, we will initially define the basic terms that are commonly to be used. This will than be followed by the discussion of the business plan, the objectives of the business, the products that will be offered by the business, an analysis of the market, a summary of the overall strategy and implementation, web plan, summary for the management and the financial plan will be discussed in the below paragraphs in this report. This report will comprehensively cover the aspects that are required for the purpose of a new and successful business plan. Some of the key definitions are discussed here under for the sake of creating an understanding for the users of this report: 1.1. BUSINESS PLAN: Planning plays a very important role in ascertaining how a business will perform and the level of success that it will achieve. Therefore, the essential and required aspects for the success of a business are the identification of the relevant goals and the development of the strategies for the purpose of obtaining and achieving those goals. A business plan is a significant aid and tool using which the business can actually organize their goals which it wants to attain and the objectives it has set for itself. This is basically a dry run of the company or in other words we can say that this is what a company will look like on paper. The business plan is used by the companies irrespective of the size and / or stage of the development process. It is used by the companies to bring improvement into its operations and to do marketing and give description of the business to those who will finance the project. The business plan generally follows a standard format for the purpose of this plan . By effectively utilizing a business plan the companies can not only attain and obtain their goals but even can do much better than that. Hormozi, A. M., Sutton, G. S., McMinn, R. D. Lucio, W., (2002) The level to which a business plan shows and incorporates costs and overheads and the resource allocation like the research, production, warehouse, storage, transport, distribution, training, head office, wastage, vary with the needs of the business. 1.2. STRATEGY: This sets the direction of the plan as how and in what manner it will work. This is usually set by the owners of the business or the shareholders of the business or the top management of the business sets the strategy for the business. This strategy sets the manner in which the company is going to operate and will strive for the purpose of obtaining the profits and goals and objectives of the company. The strategy needs to be set at the point of inception before anything is or could be done so that the business thrives and prospers as per the direction it has set for itself and the plan that it has made for attaining that objective and strategy. 2. DETAILED BUSINESS PLAN: This report now discusses the business plan of the business which is going to be set up. This business will thrive to make profit by making a good format, plan and strategy so that the company can be able to survive as well as than it can be able to make the profits. In this detailed business plan we will discuss the nature of the business, the objective of the business, the mission of the business, the strategy by which the business will operate and the pattern and mode in which the business will achieve the profitability. 2.1. NATURE OF BUSINESS: The nature of the business is a fast food restaurant chain having restaurants in three locations in London. The name of the business is proposed to be London Fried Chiecken LFC. This is a locally based and self owned fast food outlet chains. This will be positioned and made an international brand of the fast foods restaurants throught the creativity and approach in respect of the image of the outlets. This fast foods restaurant chain will provide very high quality food at value prices on buying this in combined. This food will be served in high quality presentation and layouts. London Fried Chicken is to be opened in relation to an increasing demand for snacks and fast food. This food is in demand especially when the people when the customers do window shopping or they walk in a shopping mall. In highly competitive environment of todays, its becoming more and more difficult to differentiate one outlet of fast food from another. London is the economic hub of not only the United Kingdom but also to most of the European Countries. With more than 11 million people visiting yearly, mainly from neighboring countries particularly in the European Union, Londons retail sector is very strong in the region. We have set out our main priority for opening the outlet in the central London, preferably in the central London or may be in one of the prominent malls for shopping in London. Later, through this effort we have plan to further develop more retail outlets in the areas surrounding. This business plan is being prepared for obtaining a location for initially launching of the concept. Additional finance amount will be required to be obtained for the purpose of opening two outlets subsequently, which we anticipate to open in  the thirteenth month and then in the third year after it. The amount of finance form the capital contributed by the shareholders will result in London Fried Chicken to open successfully and in doing expansion of the business within two to three years. The initial amount of capital invested will allow LFC to provide its valuable clients with a valuable and good experience through the creativeness of its founders. London Fried Chicken will  attract more youngsters in bringing their family and friends with our environment which is innovative, fresh cut Belgian fries, and other selected and unique dipping sauces. 2.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE BUSINESS: The following are the objectives of the London Fried Chicken: Making LFC a place to visit for eating for those who do shopping in malls. To establish its presence in London as  a successful fast food restaurant chain and gaining a market share in Londons industry of fast food. To do expansion into many outlets by the year three of business, and also sell our franchise to our neighboring metropolitan cities, like Paris, Spain, Bulgaria, Istanbul etc. 2.3. MISSION: The main aim and target of London Fried Chicken is to be among the most successful outlets of fast food in London, starting with one main outlet located in the main central London located as market tester. London Fried Chicken will strive to make itself a premiere local brand in fast food in the marketplace. We want to provide our customers the total all-in-one experience when visiting our place and also our website as they will know more about our new pop culture. We will be selling the products and goods from sauces which are pre-packaged and also t shirts, potato cutters etc, all with our own corporate brand name attached with it. Our main focus will be serving high-quality food at a great value. 2.4. KEYS TO SUCCESS: For being successful in the business we need to: Be innovative, having entertaining menu and creating a unique experience for customers, that will differentiate us from the other competitors. Controlling our costs at all times, in various areas and implementing a more conservative approach to our policy of growth. Although, as we want to be on the safe side in doing business, so we give more than required fund for opening more than one outlets. Selling products which are of the high quality, while keeping our customers happy and satisfied with our various product categories of food. Encourage the two most important values in fast food business: brand and image, as these two ingredients are a couple of main drivers in marketing communications. Providing 100% satisfaction to the clients and maintaining the level of excellent services among other competitors. Promoting good values of our business culture and philosophy of doing business. Get access to high-traffic shopping malls near the target market. 2.5. SUMMARY OF THE COMPANY: What London Fried Chicken is? London Fried Chicken sells  our French fries in a cone  with a  choice of sauce. We are using the concept of Belgian Fries, where the fries are prepared from fresh potatoes and fried two times. Our business also provide clients with excellent and good customer services to support fun ambience, and an energetic and youthful living style.   Fresh and youthful surroundings Following the patterns and footsteps of Starbucks and KFC, which also represent our core target market majority, between ages18 to 35 years of age. Our store will have live cooking of our main feature Belgian Fries from cutting to frying. Our client can be able to read our in-house brochures in respect of all the knowledge about Belgian Fries and our featured sauces. The store we have will be decorated with fast food setting, such as a bright counter and display menus on the wall. Quality food Each  of our outlet will  offer good quality service and food form our freshly fried Belgian fries, sandwiches and variety of other sauce blends, all served with old-fashioned home-style care. Open everyday The opening times of the store will be everyday from 11 am to 11:30 pm. Variety, variety, variety A new range of sauces will be displayed every three months and we will also change our Italian soda flavors to accompany our fries. 2.6. OWNERSHIP OF THE COMPANY: London Friend Chicken is a privately held business. It will be registered as a Limited company in the UK, with ownership 25% Tim, 25% Joseph, 25% Carol, 25% Amanda. Tim and Joseph have more than 10 years of experience in the food business. Both are currently working as Corporate Staff of a Company. Tim holds an MBA degree from University V. He is an entrepreneur by heart and his latest entrepreneurial project is a diamond store in the hub of London. Joseph holds a BA degree in Graphic Designing from the Arts Academy. His projects are widely varied from product design to developing brands of several reputable companies. Carol holds a MS degree from an Institute Y. She completed many projects and also served as project manager for multi-national companies in London. Amanda holds a BS degree from University Z. She has majored in Management and Information Technology. Prior to her return to London, she has held several management positions in a U.S.-based IT company. 2.7. LOCATION OF THE FACILITIES OF THE COMPANY: London Fried Chicken size of location will range from 50 70 meters square and will have seating from  18 to 30 guests. First of our locations will be on the larger end of this range. This venue will have features such as its own display of merchandise and other attributes for brand building. The outlet will be equipped with modern furniture and  aim for  calm and an  open feeling. We are currently searching at various possible venues around London Bridge or Oxford Street central London areas.. The venue will be selected based upon the following criteria: Tourist destination. Community size: minimum of 800,000 people within a radius of 8 kilometers. Large percentage  of teenagers in the community. Easy access. All of the above features are consistent with London Fried Chickens aim of providing a top class fast food experience. We want our best form of marketing to be word-of-mouth, where our customers value our brand as something exciting and cannot resist from telling to their friends and neighbors. London Fried Chicken will be competing directly with several other fast food giants inside the selected shopping mall. 2.7. COMPANYS PRODUCTS: We want to focus only on selling fries. Alcoholic drinks will not be sold in our outlet, as Fresin Fries promotes a healthy and positive Singaporean lifestyle. Instead, we will offer Italian Soda  to complement the fries. In promoting  the  Fresin Fries  lifestyle, we will offer various merchandise  with our logo and colors, from hats to t-shirts to potato cutters to our signature sauces, so that our customers can enjoy Fresin Fries at home. Our signature sauce is exclusively manufactured by Company Q. They can be also purchased at selected retailers. 2.7.1. DESCRIPTION OF OUR PRODUCTS: London Fried Chicken will sell friend chicken, burgers and fried together with our  unique sauces for dipping. Main products sold are: Chicken Roasted, Chicken Hot Burger, Chicken Sandwiches, Chicken Burgers, French Fries, Special Dip sauces etc. Also we will be having available Belgian-style fries in large 2 dips, or small 1 dip, with addition of garlic Fresin (add  £0.25). There are more than twenty flavours available for the dips for Belgian style fries which also be served with sandwiches. These dips are available in more than 20 flavours: Satay Sauce Pesto Mayo Thai Chili Ketchup Teriyaki Sauce Roasted Pepper Mayo Creamy Wasabi Mayo Black Pepper Sauce Lava Cheese Barbecue Curry Ketchup Caribbean Islands Jalapeno Ketchup Traditional Sambal Hot Chili Sauce Korean BBQ Garlic Dip 2.7.2. COMPARISON WITH COMPETITORS: London Fried Chicken will have several advantages over its leading competitors. These are: A high degree of enthusiasm is expected by us and we offer a store with fun having friendly staff, that reflects the culture of youth and energy at LFC. Unique concept based on fusion of dipping sauce. We do not use frozen fries as compared to other competitors and our fried potato is made 100% fresh. We have innovative packaging which is more entertaining than our competitors; we serve a single cone with cup which is reserved for dipping sauce. Our dipping sauce is made fresh by us without adding preservatives. 2.8. SOURCES OF OUR RAW MATERIAL: Our suppliers will deliver fresh halal chicken along with fresh potatoes will be delivered on a per week basis by our supplier who is based in Scotlan. We also undertaken an agreement with  Organization Q for exclusively manufacturing our crispy chicken, signature dip sauces. Our merchandise items will be printed and produced by our partners office in China. 2.8. PLAN OF SALES: We have set almost similar patterns of marketing for each of the LFC stores. Below are the programs that we have setup for opening of each of LFC locations. 2.8.1. OPENING IN A GRAND MANNER: We will be putting outdoor signs on each outlet as soon as possible for grasping orders in advance for parties etc. This signage will be supported by banners before opening of the stores. 2.8.2. POINT OF PURCHASE: We will be using the concept of tray toppers for the purpose of explaining our business and style. We will also be selling to our clients the gift certificates, announcing future jobs openings, and possibly will also mention about franchise opportunities. 2.8.3. DIRECT MAILS: Also, direct mails will be sent to the customers starting from a stand-alone piece, which will be folded, will be produced in good colours on good quality weight papers. Inside the brochure there will be all the required and essential details of LFC, explaining our menu, house of operation, prices and a map to find our location. 2.9. PRODUCTS FUTURE: Initially we will focus on capturing market share by selling our dipped and fried chicken and our good French fries and signature sauces. However, when grow ahead, we will also bring new additional categories to our menu, such as Buffalo Wings and Belgian Sandwiches. Our future growth strategy will be to offer franchises of our LFC brand to other food businessman in the region. There various examples of success of various organisation in the same business line on growing globally. 2.9.1. MEALS WITH VALUE: The LFC deals come with value for the customers. Sales of our products will not only generated from the sales of our Belgian Fries, but also will be generated by the concept of innovation in our packaging menu which is called the value meal. It is a deal which consists of combinations of our sandwiches, or burgers with featured Belgian Fries at much better value instead of us selling the individual items. We can also do customize sales by selling a fries which are of bigger size called Uber Fresin to attract price sensitive clients 2.9.2. LARGE PARTIES OF PRIVATE NATURE: We can also handle private parties and handle banquets, in addition  to our brochures which will be listing our entrees on a daily basis. 2.10. SUMMARY OF MARKET ANALYSIS: Consumer spending on fast food sector in London is rising steadily from rose during the end of the year 2008, followed by the recovery of UKs economy from recession. The increasing number of new outlets such as fast food restaurants, fancy restaurants and gourmet bakeries around UK has been showing a significant growth in this sector. Food spending is high as a percentage proportion of total consumer expenditures in UK At the weekends there is a much broader appeal as a large number of customers go to the outlets and malls at a very broader perspective. At the weekend there is saturation of the activities. Market consists of: Age   Youngsters who are single and currently enrolled in college and high school. Family units   Young families along with children. Gender   Both the sexes will be targeted for the purposes of generating sales.. People from medium income and individuals and other lower medium income bracket people will be more likely to visit us. As per a survey conducted of young people aged 15 45 years, 80% of those interviewed like fast food. 90% of them like fast food on a regular basis, and 10% of them claimed that they like fast food very much, or love fast food. The following reasons were also provided by the survey for purpose of positioning and increasing popularity of fast food: Usually people have 12 months with 52 weekends and there will be three long holidays a year. Most of UK people love to shopping in high streets and malls, and when they do strolling around the shopping centers, they require a quick bite to accommodate their activities. Parents give more money to kids and students to buy lunch. Fast food is naturally their first choice, because of the brand building effort that heavily targets their age group. White-collar workers in offices have stopped bring lunch, and enjoy chicken, hamburger, pizza or other fast food joints in the vicinity. People in UK do not perceive fast food is a luxury,  and they enjoy it by bringing their family, particularly if they have small kids. 2.10.1. SEGMENTATION OF MARKET: Our target market segment is the younger generation as our primary market. Due to high extra-curricular activities among UKs youth, it is common for the youth to have lunch inside shopping malls, and not at home. The secondary market that we have chosen is the Working class. There are various major shopping malls across London,  including  Westfields, Bretncross etc which are the biggest shopping mall in the nation, employing more than 50,000 workers. LFC is the alternative for a quick bite while shopping the fancy boutiques in the area and is also a delicious attraction for tourists. 2.10.2. NEEDS OF THE MARKET: LFC sees out target markets as having a broad range of needs.  A recent analysis of consumer trends by Euromonitor has identified the below needs among our target markets. Our core group: Looking for speed in services Likes to have variety and flavors in the foods, preferably something fried Insists upon a friendly, clean, and attractive environment Wants an entertaining and fun experience Adopts a global lifestyle Comes from various ethnic backgrounds Enjoys eating out Is computer literate Has an active lifestyle There is large potential and growing market needs that can be served by LFC despite of the fact that there are so many competitors in the market. Yet London Fried Chicken feels that its great taste and unique services and offers will be able to attract more and more clients. 2.10.3. COMPETITORS IN THE MAIN AREA: Our main competitors in this fast food restaurant segment are the food outlets within the 2 miles radius along the Oxford Street. In our location, there is Pret-a-manger, pizza hut, KFC, Subway, and others. Therefore the following are the main competitors of LFC: Pret-a-manger Pizza hut KFC Subway McDonalds These are the brands of international fame and it can only be possible to attract clients by making oneself more competitive and tasteful in compared to the above. 2.10.4. STRATEGY FOR SALES: The sales strategy is building and opening new locations at different outlets in order for increase the revenue. However, this plan will be put into execution and implementation when the one market tester outlet at first showed potential growth. As each individual location will continue building its local client bases over a benchmark period of say first three years of operation, the goal of each store is  Ã‚ £109,460 in annual sales, with the original flagship store expected to earn almost  £225,000 per annum. 2.10.5. FORECAST OF SALES We anticipate the highest peak on the months of July and August in our volume of sales forecasted, due to the summer seasons and than in November and December season due to Christmas holidays. Millions  of people from the EU countries visit Britain each year, mostly for shopping purpose and dining. Then there are also tourists anticipated from Asian countries as well, this explains the jumped of sales in these last two months of the year. (all sums in below graph are estimated numbers in  £) 2.10.6. MILESTONES: During the initial phase of company being set up, the 4 founders (Tim, Joseph, Carol, and Amanda) will conduct planning and implementation in constructing the brand name and image and the making of LFCs first outlet. The planning and construction will take approximately 8 to 9 months. This is in addition to the process of refinement and revision which will take the remaining of the 12 month period before our opening in middle of the year 2010. 2.11. FINANCIAL PLAN: The company is now privately owned by Tim, Joseph, Carol, and Amanda. Future shares will be offered after two consecutive years of operating in UK. 2.11.1. START-UP FUNDING: Currently, company is being owned its four original founders, who each will contribute  £220,000 for the same amount of share, 25%. This will be the amount which is more than the amount required to cover start-up requirements, and provide the business with a cash margin so that it can use for expansion over the first three years. (all figures below are imaginary and assumed numbers. Funding at startup Fund for expenses at Start-up  £71,700 Funds for Start-up Assets  £51,300 Total amount of funds required  £120,900 Assets Non cash Assets at the Start-up  £41,500 Start-up Cash Requirements  £68,500 Additional amount of Cash Raised  £698,300 Cash Balance at the Starting Date  £810,400 Total Assets  £861,200 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current amount of Borrowing  £0 Long term Liabilities  £0 Accounts Payable (Bills Outstanding)  £0 Other Current Liabilities (interest-free)  £0 Total Liabilities  £0 Capital Planned Investment Tim  £220,000 Joseph  £220,000 Carol  £220,000 Amanda  £220,000 Requirement for Additional Investment  £0 Planned Investment total  £880,000 Start-up loss (Start-up Expenses) ( £69,600) Total Capital  £810,400 Total Capital and Liabilities  £810,400 Total Funding  £880,000 2.11.1. BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS: The breakeven analysis performed by us show that we need unit sales over 9,700 per month to break even. It is not expected to make a profit upto the year three. Break-even Analysis Monthly Units to Break-even 9,706 Monthly Revenue for Break-even  £32,104 Data Assumptions: Per-Unit Average Revenue  £3.31 Per-Unit Average Variable Cost  £0.73 Monthly Fixed Cost Estimated  £24,979 2.11.3. PROJECTED PROFIT AND LOSS: The below is the projected Profit and Loss account which shows LFC will run at a loss for the initial two years, using up some of the cash reserves initially invested by the founders. As sales will rise, LFC can expand into new locations to aggressively spread the recognition of brand. This increase in visibility will allow us to take up less expensive locations off of Oxford Street, while maintaining our flagship operation, the first store, in a  prime spot. Pro Forma Profit and Loss Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales  £289,173  £659,328  £1,127,654 Direct Cost of Sales  £62,956  £134,916  £258,837 Other Costs of Sales  £0  £0  £0 Total Cost of Sales  £62,956  £134,916  £258,837 Gross Margin  £226,217  £524,412  £868,817 Gross Margin % 78.23% 79.54% 77.05% Expenses Payroll  £88,200  £262,000  £449,600 Marketing/Promotion  £10,000  £10,010  £10,020 Depreciation  £0  £0  £0 Rent  £174,010  £248,010  £298,020 Utilities  £2,550  £5,000  £8,000 New location setup  £25,010  £50,010  £50,020 Total Operating Expenses  £299,770  £575,030  £815,680 Profit Before Interest and Taxes ( £82,523) ( £140,557)  £53,146 EBITDA ( £82,523) ( £140,557)  £53,146 Interest Expense  £0  £0  £0 Taxes Incurred  £0  £0  £0 Net Profit ( £82,523) ( £140,587)  £53,226 Net Profit/Sales -29.57% -25.18% 4.77% 2.11.4. PROJECTED CASH FLOW The following is the table that shows a Projection of the Cash Flow for LFC: Pro Forma Cash Flow Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Cash Received Cash from Operations Cash Sales  £279,163  £558,327  £1,116,654 Subtotal Cash from Operations  £279,163  £558,327  £1,116,654 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received  £0  £0  £0 New Current Borrowing  £0  £0  £0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free)  £0  £0  £0 New Long-term Liabilities  £0  £0  £0 Sales of Other Current Assets  £0  £0  £0 Sales of Long-term Assets  £0  £0  £0 New Investment Received  £0  £0  £0 Subtotal Cash Received  £279,163  £558,327  £1,116,654 Expenditures Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Operating Expenditures Spending in Cash  £88,200  £262,000  £449,600 Payments of Bills  £244,265  £430,245  £599,286 Subtotal Spent on Operations  £332,465  £692,245  £1,048,886 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out  £0  £0  £0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing  £0  £0  £0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment  £0  £0  £0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment  £0  £0  £0 Purchase Other Current Assets  £0  £0  £0 Purchase Long-term Assets  £0  £0  £0 Dividends  £0  £0  £0 Subtotal Cash Spent  £332,465  £692,245  £1,048,886 Net Cash Flow ( £53,301) ( £133,918)  £67,767 Cash Balance  £677,899  £543,981  £611,748 3. CONCLUSION: As discussed in detail above, a business plan is a comprehensive document which requires a lot of efforts to be undertaken for its preparation. The above chart and table in particular the PL and the cash flow clearly shows that the company can turn into profitability in the year three as compared to the initial two years. Also there are positive cash flows of the business. This shows that the business is viable and can be undertaken on a genuine basis.

Kierkegaards View on Faith Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Kierkegaards View on Faith Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher in the mid 1800s. He is known to be the father of existentialism and was at least 70 years ahead of his time. Kierkegaard set out to attack Kant’s rational ethics and make attacks on the Christianity of our day. He poses the question, how do we understand faith? He states that faith equals the absurd. In â€Å"Fear and Trembling†, he uses the story of Abraham and his son Isaac to show an example of faith as the absurd. The story of God asking Abraham to sacrifice his son Isaac signifies a break in the theory that ethics and religion go hand in hand. He shows how the ethical and the religious can be completely different. â€Å"I by no means conclude that faith is something inferior but rather that it is the highest, also that it is dishonest of philosophy to give something else in its place and to disparage faith† (Fear and Trembling, 12).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To Kierkegaard, the whole biblical story is a paradox. â€Å"Thinking about Abraham is another matter, however; then I am shattered. I am constantly aware of the prodigious paradox that is the content of Abraham’s life, I am constantly repelled, and, despite all its passion, my thought cannot penetrate it, cannot get ahead by a hairsbreadth† (Fear and Trembling, 12). Faith to Kierkegaard is even paradoxical. â€Å"Precisely because resignation is antecedent, faith is no esthetic emotion but something far higher; it is not the spontaneous inclination of the heart but the paradox of existence† (Fear and Trembling, 19). Under the ethical, Abraham was going to commit murder. Kierkegaard uses an example of a preacher going to him after the murder and screaming, â€Å"You despicable man, you scum of society, what devil has so possessed you that you want to murder your son† (Fear and Trembling, 10). He knows that murder cannot be ethically dis closed and wonders how that can be faith. Under the absurdity of faith, Abraham’s crime of murder becomes a merited duty to his Creator. â€Å"The ethical expression for what Abraham did is that he meant to murder Isaac; the religious expression is that he meant to sacrifice Isaac† (Fear and Trembling, 11). Abraham had to suspend his duty to the universal, or the ethical in order to carry out his duty to God. The Christian must make an existential leap out of the universal to acquire faith. This ultimately means that faith is higher than the un... ...f Pure Reason, 616). Kant places religion within the rational realm. He starts with the rational individual which is living in an absolute moral society. The moral law is based upon religion. â€Å"...and I maintain, consequently, that unless moral laws are laid at the basis or used as a guide, there can be no theology of reason at all† (Critique of Pure Reason, 613). To Kant, a society’s commitment to absolute morality, moral law, and the church was the rational world’s meaning for religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kierkegaard argued against Kant that rationalism was lacking where religion was concerned. Kierkegaard fought that religion had nothing to do with rationalism, but everything to do with an individual relationship with God. The individual is free to maintain an intimate relationship with God which comes with faith as the absurd. Unlike Kant, Kierkegaard sees moral rationalism in society, but religion has nothing to do with it. It is a completely different subject that cannot be mixed with moral reason. He states that religion belongs only to the person seeking religion and overpowers all things rational. Kierkegaard places religious philosophy beyond the context of rationalism completely.

Do Rules Contribute to a persons happiness

Do Rules Contribute to a Persons Happiness? Rules and regulations. The two words which every child and even many adults hate to hear. When thinking of ‘rules' we think of something which stands in the way of our doing something we may want to. We immediately curse the rule, not thinking in what way it may be helping us. We fervently wish that it never existed, without really being able to comprehend what the world would be like without that rule.What we, as humans, fail to understand, is that rules are made primarily to help us. We may find them annoying, aggravating, and even completely pointless, but they generally help us feel safe and so, happy. Think of everything in our day to day life which we take for granted. Driving in a car, we expect people to stop for us at some point when at an intersection, that's because someone made traffic lights. Speed limits are another important rule which many people find extremely annoying.Think about this, f there were no road regulation s, would you feel comfortable driving? To all the people who see driving as the ultimate freedom, would you feel the same way if you were in constant fear of being killed? Of course not! The same goes for rules against murder, thievery, drugs, sexual abuse, the list never ends. It is because of all these rules that we are free to feel comfortable and happy in our lives. All the rules so far have been rules on an international scale, but even If we look at rules in our own souses they serve the same purpose.Personally, I would always get annoyed when my parents didn't let me have as much ‘Junk food' as I wanted. I would through tantrums and say that ‘now is the best time for me to eat Junk, while I'm still young! ‘ Now, when I think about It, I am extremely glad that my parents controlled me. If I had eaten too much, I could have had severe health Issues, which would have stopped me from doing so many things which I love doing today, Like playing sports, eating out and Just generally enjoying life.Today I am thankful for the rules set down by my parents, because they are a major reason for my happiness. Overall, I truly believe that rules and regulations are extremely Important to a persons happiness. They may not all help you out (though more often than not you may not see how they are helping you), but without them your life would not be nearly as enjoyable as It Is. As Sheldon Cooper (from The Big Bang Theory) says, Without rules, our entire world would descend Into Anarchy, and who wants that!

Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 11

Angel's voice was taut but calm. (Pick up a pen from the counter. The black one's fine. Now-let go. Just relax and let me move it.) Gillian let go. It was a process she couldn't have described in words if she'd tried. But she watched, with a sort of fascinated horror, as her own hand began to draw on a small white invoice slip. It drew across the lines, in some kind of pattern. Unfortunately the pen seemed to be out of ink, so all Gillian could see was a faint scribble. (Show her the carbon copy.) Gillian peeled off the first sheet of paper. Underneath, in carbon, was her design. It looked like a flower-a dahlia. It was crudely colored in, as if it were meant to be dark. (What is it, Angel?) (A sort of password. Unless you know it, she's not going to let you buy what you need.) Melusine's face had changed. She was looking at Gillian with startled interest. â€Å"Unity,† she said. â€Å"I wondered about you when you came in. You've got the look-but I've never seen you before. Did you just move here?† (Say â€Å"Unity.† It's their greeting. And tell her that you're just passing through.) (Angel-is she a witch? Are there other witches around here? And how come I have to lie-) (She's getting suspicious!) The girl was looking at Gillian rather oddly. Like someone trying to catch a conversation. It scared Gillian. â€Å"Unity. No, I'm just visiting,† she said hastily. â€Å"And,† she added as Angel whispered, â€Å"I need the Dragon's Blood and, um, two wax figures. Female. And do you have any charged Selket powder?† Melusine settled back a little. â€Å"You belong to Circle Midnight.† She said it flatly. (Whaaaat? What's Circle Midnight? And how come she doesn't like me anymore?) (It's a sort of witch organization. Like a club. It's the one that does the kind of spells that you need to do right now.) (Aha. Bad spells, you mean.) (Powerful spells. In your case, necessary spells.) Melusine was scooting her chair behind the counter. For a moment Gillian wondered why she didn't get up, and then, as Melusine reached the edge of the counter, she understood. The chair was a wheelchair and Melusine's right leg was missing from the knee down. It didn't seem to hinder her, though. In a moment, she was scooting back with a couple of packets and a box in her lap. She put the box on the counter and took out two dolls made of dull rose-colored wax. One of the packets held chunks of what looked like dark red chalk, the other a peacock-green powder. She didn't look up as Gillian paid for the items. Gillian felt snubbed. â€Å"Unity,† she said formally, as she put her wallet away and gathered up her purchases. She figured if you said it for hello, you could say it for goodbye. Melusine's dark eyes flashed up at her intently and almost quizzically. Then she said slowly, â€Å"Merry part . . . and merry meet again.† It almost sounded like an invitation. (Well, I'm lost.) (Just say â€Å"Merry part† and get out of here, kid.) Outside, Gillian looked at the town square with new eyes. (The Witches of Woodbridge. So, are they, like, all over here? Do they own the Creamery and the hardware store, too?) (You're closer than you think. But we don't have time to stand around. You've got some spells to cast.) Gillian took one more look around the quiet tree-lined square, feeling herself standing in the bright air with her packages of spell ingredients. Then she shook her head. She turned to the car. Sitting in the middle of her bed with the bedroom door locked, Gillian contemplated her materials. The plastic bags of rock and powder, the dolls, and the hair she'd gathered from the brush in Macon's bathroom last night. Two or three strands of sun blond curls. Three or four long black glossy hairs. â€Å"And you don't need to tell me what they're for,† she said, looking at the air beside her. â€Å"It's voodoo time, huh?† â€Å"Smart girl.† Angel shimmered into being. â€Å"The hair is to personalize the dolls, to link them magically to their human counterparts. You've got to wind a hair around each doll, and name it out loud. Call it Tanya or Kimberlee.† Gillian didn't move. â€Å"Angel, look. When I got that hair, I had no idea why I was doing it. But when I saw those little wax figures-well, then I realized. And the way that girl Melusine looked at me. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"She has no idea what you're up against. Forget her.† â€Å"I'm just trying to get things straight, all right?† Hands clasped tightly in her lap, she looked at him. â€Å"I've never wanted to hurt people-well, all right, yes, I have. I've had those-those images or whatever at night, like seeing a giant foot splat down on my geometry teacher. But I don't really want to hurt people.† Angel looked patient. â€Å"Who said you were going to hurt them?† â€Å"Well, what's all this for?† â€Å"It's for whatever you want it to be for. Gillian, dragonfly, all these materials are just aids for a witch's natural powers. They're a way of focusing the power, directing it to a particular purpose. But what actually happens to Tanya and Kim depends on you. You don't have to hurt them. You just have to stop them.† â€Å"I just have to stop them from doing what they're planning to do.† Gillian's mind was already sparking into action. â€Å"And Tanya's planning to write letters. And Kim's planning to spread the word†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"So what if Tanya can't write letters? And if Kimberlee can't talk? It would be sort of†¦ poetic justice.† Angel's face was grave, but his eyes were glinting with mischief. Gillian bit her lip. â€Å"I think it would kill Kim not to talk!† â€Å"Oh, I bet she could live through it.† They were both laughing now. â€Å"So if she had, say, a bad sore throat†¦ and if Tanya's arm were paralyzed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Gillian sobered. â€Å"Not paralyzed.† â€Å"I meant temporarily. Not even temporarily? All right, what about something else that could keep her from typing or holding a pen? How about a bad rash?† â€Å"A rash?† â€Å"Sure. An infection. One she'd have to keep bandaged up so she couldn't use her fingers. That would stop her for a while, until we can think of something else.† â€Å"A rash†¦ Yeah, that could work. That would be good.† Gillian took a quick breath and looked down at her materials. â€Å"Okay, tell me how to do it!† And Angel walked her through the strange process. She wound the dolls with hair and named them aloud. She rubbed them with crumbled Dragon's Blood, the dark red chalky stuff. Then she dabbed the hand of one and the throat of the other with the iridescent green Selket powder. â€Å"Now†¦ may I be given the power of the words of Hecate. It is not I who utter them, it is not I who repeat them; it is Hecate who utters them, it is she who repeats them.† (And who the heck's Hecate?) She sent the thought to Angel wordlessly, in case speaking aloud would ruin the spell. (Be quiet. Now concentrate. Pick up the Tanya doll and think Streptococcus pyogenes. That's a bacteria that'll give her a rash. Picture it in your mind. See the rash on the real Tanya.) There was a certain satisfaction in doing it. Gillian couldn't deny that, even to herself. She pictured Tanya's slim olive-skinned right hand, poised to sign a letter that would destroy David's future. Then she pictured itchy red bumps appearing, another hand scratching. Redness spreading across the skin. More itching. More scratching†¦ (Hey, this is fun!) Then she took care of the Kim doll. When she was finished, she put both dolls in a shoe box and put the shoe box under her bed. Then she stood up, flushed and triumphant. â€Å"It's over? I did it?† â€Å"You did it. You're a full-fledged witch now. Hecate's the Queen of the Witches, incidentally. Their ancient ruler. And she's special to you- you're descended in a direct line from her daughter Hellewise.† â€Å"I am?† Gillian stood a little straighter. She seemed to feel power tingling through her, a sparkling energy, a sense that she could reach out and mold the world. She felt as if she ought to have an aura. â€Å"Really?† â€Å"Your great-grandmother Elspeth was one of the Harmans, the Hearth-Women, the line that came from Hellewise. Elspeth's older sister Edgith became a big witch leader.† How could Gillian have ever thought she was ordinary, less than ordinary? You couldn't argue with facts like these. She was from a line of important witches. She was part of an ancient tradition. She was special. She felt very, very powerful. That night, her father called. He wanted to know if she was okay, and to let her know he loved her. All Gillian wanted to know was whether he'd be home for Christmas. â€Å"Of course I'll be home. I love you.† â€Å"Love you.† But she wasn't happy when she hung up. (Angel, we've got to figure things out. Is there a spell I should do on him?) (I'll think about it.) The next morning she sailed into school cheerfully and looked around for someone who would talk. She spotted the cropped red head of J.Z. the Model and waved hello. â€Å"What's up, J.Z.?† J.Z. turned hazy blue-green eyes on her and fell into step. â€Å"Did you hear about Tanya?† Gillian's heart skipped a beat. â€Å"No,† she said, with perfect truth. â€Å"She's got some awful rash or infection or something. Like poison ivy. They say it's driving her crazy.† As always, J.Z. spoke slowly and with an almost vacant air. But Gillian thought there was a gleam of satisfaction under the blank look. She shot J.Z. a sharp glance. â€Å"Well, that's too bad.† â€Å"Sure is,† J.Z. murmured, smiling absently. â€Å"I sure hope nobody else catches it.† She was hoping to hear something about Kim. But J.Z. just said, â€Å"Well, at least we know David won't.† Then she wandered off. (Angel, that girl doesn't like Tanya.) (A lot of people don't like Tanya.) (It's weird. I used to think being popular meant everybody likes you. Now I think it's more like everybody's afraid not to like you.) (Right. Let them hate you as long as they fear you. But, you see, you've done a public service, putting Tanya out of commission.) In biology class, Gillian found out that Kim was absent and had canceled gymnastics practice for the day. She had something' like strep throat and couldn't even talk. Nobody seemed heartbroken over this, either. (Being popular means everybody's glad when something bad happens to you.) (It's a dog-eat-dog world, kid.) Angel chuckled. Gillian smiled. She had protected David. It gave her a wonderful feeling to be able to protect him, to take care of him. Not that she exactly approved of what he'd done. Buying an English paper and turning it in as your own-that was pretty bad. Not just wrong, but petty somehow. (But I think he was sorry. I think that was maybe one of the things he was saying he wasn't proud of. And maybe there's some way he can make up for it. Like if he wrote another paper and turned it in, and explained to Ms. Renquist. Don't you think, Angel?) (Hm? Oh, sure. Good idea.) (Because sometimes being sorry isn't enough, you know? You've got to do something. Angel? Angel?) (I'm here. Just thinking about your next class. And your powers and things. Did you know there's a spell to bring in money?) (There is? Now, that's really interesting. I mean, I don't care about money money, but I'd really love a car†¦) That night Gillian lay in bed, head propped on pillows, legs curled under a throw, and thought about how lucky she was. Angel seemed to be gone for the moment; she could neither see him nor hear his voice. But it was Angel she was thinking about. He had brought her so much-and he'd brought her himself, which she sometimes thought was the greatest gift of all. What other girl could have two gorgeous guys without being unfaithful to either of them, or making either of them jealous? What other girl could have two great loves at once, without doing wrong? Because that was how she'd come to think of Angel. As a great love. He wasn't a pillar of light to her anymore, or a terrifyingly beautiful apparition with a voice like silver fire. He was almost like an ordinary guy, only impossibly handsome, devastatingly witty, and incidentally supernatural. Since learning she was supernatural herself, Gillian felt he was somehow more accessible. And he understood her. Nobody had ever known her, or could ever know her, the way he did. He knew all her deepest secrets and most carefully hidden fears-and he still loved her. The love was obvious every time he spoke to her, every time he appeared and looked at her with those startling eyes. I'm in love with him, too, Gillian thought. She felt quite calm about it. It was different from the way she loved David. In a way, it was more powerful, because nobody could ever be as close to her as Angel was-but there was no physical aspect to it. Angel was a part of her on a level nothing human could touch. Their relationship was separate from the human world. It was unique. â€Å"Tie me kangaroo down, mate!† A light was appearing beside the bed. â€Å"Where've you been, Australia?† â€Å"Checking on Tanya and Kim the Gym, actually. Tanya's bandaged from shoulder to fingers and she's not thinking about writing anything. Kim's sucking a popsicle and moaning. Inaudibly.† â€Å"Good.† Gillian felt a triumphant glow. Which was wrong, of course; she shouldn't enjoy other people's pain. But she couldn't hide it from Angel-and those girls deserved it. They would be sorry, sorry, sorry they had ever tangled with Gillian Lennox. â€Å"But we've got to work out a more permanent solution,† she said. â€Å"And figure things out about my parents.† â€Å"I'm working on all of it.† Angel was gazing at her with a kind of dreamy intentness. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Nothing. Just looking at you. You look particularly beautiful tonight, which is absurd considering you're wearing flannel pajamas with bears on them.† Gillian felt a quick sweet throb. She looked down. â€Å"These are cats. But the bears are my favorite, actually.† She looked back up and grinned wickedly. â€Å"I'll bet I could start a little bears fashion at school. You can do anything with enough guts.† â€Å"You can do anything, that's for sure. Sweet dreams, beautiful.† â€Å"Silly. Stop it.† Gillian waved a hand at him. But she was still blushing when she lay down and shut her eyes. She felt absurdly happy and complimented. And beautiful. And powerful. And special. â€Å"Hear about Tanya?† Amanda the Cheerleader said at lunch break the next day. She and Gillian were in the girls' bathroom. Gillian eyed herself in the mirror. A touch with the comb†¦ perfect. And maybe a little more lipstick. She was doing the glamour thing today. Dark, mesmerizing eyes and bold, laughing red mouth. Or maybe she should pout instead of laugh. She pursed her lips at herself and said absently, â€Å"Old news.† â€Å"No, I mean the new stuff. She's got complications, apparently.† Gillian stopped applying lipstick. â€Å"What kind of complications?† â€Å"I don't know. Fever, I think. And her whole arm's turning purple.† (Angel? Purple?) (Well, I'd say more mauve myself. Relax, kid. Fever's a natural side effect of a bad rash. Just like poison ivy.) (But-) (Look at Amanda. She's not too upset.) (No, 'cause she probably knows Tanya was messing with her boyfriend. Or she has some other reason not to like her. But, I mean, I don't want Tanya really hurt.) (Don't you? Be honest.) (Well, I mean, not really, really hurt, you know? Medium hurt. That's all.) (I don't think she's going to drop dead this minute.) Angel said it patiently. (Okay. Good.) Gillian felt a little embarrassed for making a big deal-and at the same time she had a fleeting impulse to go check on Tanya herself. But the impulse was easily quashed. Tanya was getting what she deserved. It was only a rash. How bad could that be? Besides, Angel was looking after things. And she trusted Angel. She added the last dab of lipstick and smiled at herself in the mirror. Definitely she was one hot witch. In sixth period, messengers brought candy canes that people had ordered last week from the Vocal Jazz Club. You could send the candy canes, which came with a ribbon and a note, to anyone you wanted. Gillian got a pile so large that everyone laughed, and Seth Pyles ran over and snapped a picture of it for the yearbook. After school David came and rummaged through the pile, looking at the messages and shaking his fist, pretending to be jealous. It was a very good day. â€Å"Happy?† Angel asked that afternoon. David's mother had recruited him for heavy-duty Christmas housecleaning, so Gillian was alone in her bedroom-which meant it was just her and Angel. She was folding socks and humming her favorite carol, â€Å"O Come All Ye Faithful.† â€Å"Can't you tell?† â€Å"Not with all that noise you're making. Are you really happy?† She looked up. â€Å"Of course I am. I mean, except for the stuff with my parents, I'm totally happy.† â€Å"And being popular is all you expected it to be.† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Gillian paused in bewilderment. â€Å"It's-it's a little different from what I expected. It's not the be-all and the end-all I'd have thought. But then I'm different from what I thought.† â€Å"You're a witch. And you want more than just candy canes and parties.† She looked at him curiously. â€Å"What are you trying to say? That I should do some more spells?† â€Å"I'm saying that there's more to being a witch than doing spells. I can show you, if you trust me.†